GET https://junior.preprod-yousg3q-etbsswybjvlic.fr-3.platformsh.site/en/media/99-thermal-conduction

Serializer

1 Handled
502.86 ms Total time

default 1

serialize 0

Nothing was serialized.

deserialize 0

Nothing was deserialized.

normalize 1

Data Context Normalizer Time Caller
App\Entity\MediaTranslation
Show contents
App\Entity\MediaTranslation {#1389
  -id: 7201
  -title: "Thermal conduction"
  -description: """
    <p>Conduction is one of the types of thermal transfer that enable heat to travel from a hot object to a cold one.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Conduction differs from convection because, in conduction, there is no transfer of matter. Heat, which is a form of energy, can be interpreted as the agitation of the atoms in matter.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Thermal conduction involves the propagation, by contact, of this agitation, and so of heat. The average position of nuclei remains the same. This is therefore the principal mode of transfer in solids.</p>
    """
  -legends: """
    Hot plate\r\n
    Cooking pan\r\n
    Wood handle
    """
  -goals: """
    <ul>\r\n
    \t<li>To illustrate the propagation of thermal energy (heat) from person to person;</li>\r\n
    \t<li>To understand that this mode of thermal transmission takes place without the transport of matter;</li>\r\n
    \t<li>To Introduce thermal conductivity and the concept of thermal insulation.</li>\r\n
    </ul>
    """
  -more: """
    <p>There are three types of <strong>thermal transfer</strong>:</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <ol>\r\n
    \t<li>Thermal conduction</li>\r\n
    \t<li>Thermal convection</li>\r\n
    \t<li>Radiation</li>\r\n
    </ol>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>The transfer of heat by<strong> radiation</strong> involves the emission by an atom of electromagnetic radiation (photon). The emitted photon carries energy over great distances, even in a vacuum, before releasing it upon contact with another atom. It is by this means that the energy of the Sun travels to the Earth.<br />\r\n
    <strong>Thermal convection</strong> is the transfer of heat <strong>with</strong> transfers of matter. Hot air from a radiator rises. This displacement of matter&nbsp; carries heat upward, along with the rising matter. It is by this means that heat reaches equilibrium in a fluid (the air in a room or the water in a cooking pan).<br />\r\n
    <strong>Thermal &nbsp;conduction</strong> is a type of heat transfer <strong>without </strong>transfers of matter. The energy, which one can represent as <strong>thermal agitation</strong>, is lost in collisions, and transferred from particle to particle in the matter.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>This thermal agitation involves the<strong> nuclei</strong> as well as the <strong>electrons</strong> that orbit them. (These are not represented in the animation.)<br />\r\n
    Materials that are good conductors of electricity, like metals, are characterized by the fact that some of their electrons are free to move over great distances. For this reason, the good electrical conductors are also good thermal conductors, as the thermal agitation of their free electrons accelerates the propagation of heat through the matter.<br />\r\n
    One defines thermal &nbsp;<strong>conductivity </strong>&nbsp;as a means of&nbsp; evaluating the ability of a substance to conduct heat.&nbsp; There are great differences.&nbsp; Thus, the thermal conductivity of Aluminum is&nbsp; 10,000 times greater than that of air.&nbsp; For this reason, air is a very good thermal<strong> insulator</strong>.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Application: Why do we feel a sensation of cold when we touch a piece of metal, but not when we touch a piece of wood, even though both are at the same temperature?</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>If we assume &nbsp;that that the wood and the metal are at the ambient temperature (15&deg;C for example), the source of heat here is our finger, as it is at 37&deg;C. On contact, the atoms in our skin are vibrating more than those in the object being touched. In the case of the wood, thermal conductivity is low and only a small amount of our body heat is transferred to the wood. Our body thus conserves its heat.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>With the piece of metal, thermal conductivity is high and our body heat is transferred&nbsp; &nbsp;very easily to the surface of the metal, and then, to its interior.&nbsp; By simple conservation of energy, if the metal heats up rapidly, our finger must cool off rapidly, at least locally, and this is what produces the sensation of cold that we feel.</p>
    """
  -scenario: null
  -features: "<p><strong>Click </strong>on the switch to start heating.</p>"
  -publishedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1431302400 {#1386
    date: 2015-05-11 00:00:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -preventIndexForSearch: false
  #locale: "en"
  #translatable: App\Entity\Media {#1308 …}
  #status: "published"
  #createdAt: DateTime @1258585200 {#1387
    date: 2009-11-18 23:00:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  #updatedAt: DateTime @1717515938 {#1388
    date: 2024-06-04 15:45:38.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
}
Format: none
Show context
[
  0 => "internal_api_media"
  "internal_api_media_options" => [
    "withBaseNodeName" => true
  ]
]
MediaTranslationNormalizer (502.75 ms) 502.86 ms

denormalize 0

Nothing was denormalized.

encode 0

Nothing was encoded.

decode 0

Nothing was decoded.